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Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta historyland. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta historyland. Mostrar todas las entradas

sábado, 30 de septiembre de 2017

On liars - Michel de Montaigne

Rating: ★★★★★
24/09/17

How much less companionable than silence is the language of falsehood.
– St Augustine, City of God, XIX, vii; Montaigne cites Pliny from J. L. Vives’ note.
An unpopular essay
We shall now proceed to discuss the nature of lying. Actually, this is a selfish act; it's a way to remind
myself that I need to read Montaigne’s works more often because his writing is extraordinary, folks. And I wanted to say it again. Besides, I haven’t written a non-review for quite some time.

This essay on liars derives from Quintilian’s notion that a liar should have a good memory. With that idea in mind, Montaigne starts pondering the opposite case – something I can relate to. He explains that his lack of memory is often perceived as ingratitude, since if he forgets about something, it must be because it is unimportant to him.
I certainly do forget things easily but I simply do not treat with indifference any charge laid on me by my friends. Let them be satisfied with my misfortune, without turning it into precisely the kind of malice which is the enemy of my natural humour.

As I mentioned on another review, Montaigne’s prose is clear and often humorous. When he starts explaining the drawbacks and benefits of having a bad memory, examples of the latter are: I remember less any insults received - a fortunate man - and Books and places which I look at again always welcome me with a fresh new smile - I’m lucky too. The author also resorts to historical events to illustrate his points of view, which is another treat for the reader since they are not only informative, but also rather amusing at times, considering the solemnity of his century. Complex philosophical meditations interspersed with anecdotes that show a witty sense of humor. That's gold, Jerry.

The concept of memory is the bridge Montaigne provides to start discussing the main theme. After giving an explanation of the distinction between "to tell an untruth" and "to lie", he focuses on the liar per se: the kind of person either makes up the whole story or else disguises and pollutes some source of truth. According to the author:
Lying is an accursed vice. It is only our words which bind us together and make us human. [...] It seems to me that the only faults which we should vigorously attack as soon as they arise and start to develop are lying and, a little below that, stubbornness. Those faults grow up with the children. Once let the tongue acquire the habit of lying and it is astonishing how impossible it is to make it give it up.

Montaigne doesn't delve deeper into the infamous art of deception so, among other things, the essay omits to mention the vast array of methods we are in possession of. A fib, a lie, disinformation, a noble lie, defamation, half-truth, a white lie. My favorite, the barefaced lie: one knows or sense the truth and - fluctuating between calm and eagerness - contemplates the other person's liking for invention.

Some people say it all depends on the context. Some lies are inevitable, since if we all say what goes through our minds, the world would be even more chaotic. In that sense, certain false statements have a diplomatic nature (I know). However, some pieces of fiction involve other feelings; those are the kinds of lies that are usually unnecessary, like expressing love or friendship when one doesn’t mean it. Montaigne doesn’t refer to those samples of wasted time.
My imagination has given me the most vivid memories that never existed. I have a tendency to long for things which never ever happened. Not trying to find a human being unable to lie might be the first attempt to break the habit.

Montaigne’s wit and wisdom are exceptional. There's one gorgeous line that I must reiterate: It is only our words which bind us together and make us human. Deconstructing that statement might offer an entire new panorama.
In any case, if falsehood is your only language, silence is ambiguous; perpetual absence will suffice.


description


lunes, 21 de septiembre de 2015

Conversations of Lord Byron: Noted During a Residence with His Lordship at Pisa in the Years 1821 and 1822 - Thomas Medwin

Rating: ★★★
21/09/15

The days belong to Byron.

I had written a review and, later, decided to delete it. Okay, I did not delete it, I just put it in the folder where legends die. Anyway, that review had quotes and facts and some nonsensical analysis of the conversations that Thomas Medwin transcribed, after a logical warning: he could deliver the substance but not the form, that being Byron's wit and eloquence.

I wrote that review and then realized how useless that was. I could say everything I wanted to say in one single quote. A quote by an extraordinary writer. The true enchanter of all words; familiar and unknown.

If, after I die, someone wants to write my biography,
There's nothing simpler.
It has just two dates—the day I was born and the day I died.
Between the two, all the days are mine.

- Fernando Pessoa, A Little Larger Than the Entire Universe: Selected Poems (61)

Between the two, all the days are mine.
Besides its unquestionable beauty, there is a particular sound that cuts the air like the sharpest of knives.
Between the two, all the days are mine.
A sound you can almost feel. There. Practically piercing your body, finding its way to your mind in the most incredible display of self-preservation.
All the days are mine.

All the days are ours.



domingo, 6 de septiembre de 2015

Lo que el Modelo se Llevó: Todo lo que Perdimos en la Década Ganada - Nicolás Lucca

Rating: ★★★★
07/09/15

The sense of belonging is inherent to human nature. We look for it every time. Even when we say we are such rebels that we do not care about it, that we do not need that and we are our own island. I have said things like that and I lied to myself every time. I have never met anyone completely alone and happy. Well, that is not such an indicator since I haven't met a lot of people. I am more of a recluse at home with books near me, coffee always ready to heat up and crumbs of pizza on my couch thanks to Saturday nights movie marathons (yeah, I am the most popular gal in town). But still, I haven't met that kind of people.


Anyway, that concept came to mind when I started reading this book by Argentine journalist Nicolás Lucca. Why? Because the other day, I found myself surrounded by people who support the current administration of my country, that being the Kirchnerist regime, which party, Frente Para la Victoria (Front for Victory, FPV) rules since 2003. The little criterion I have left allows me to question many methods and acts that FPV has done during these “década ganada” (a victorious decade; literally, a won decade) as they like to call it. So no, I cannot be a Kirchnerist. I cannot be any -ist, since the moment you start identifying yourself so much with a politician or any mortal like you, you become a fanatic whose perspective and objectivity get lost in the face of your idol. 

However, while I was in that group, surrounded by those fervent admirers of the government, I did wish I was one of them. That disturbing thought finds its roots in my weariness. I am tired. It is certainly exhausting to be in a fight all the time. Because that is the thing with fanatics: you cannot talk to them. It has been declared a high-risk sport in here. There is no possibility of a debate. You have to be in defensive position, all the time. And even worse, the division is so deep in our society (despite the opinion of some journalists that selflessly deny the crack, the social rift—something I also mentioned in El Relato Peronista review—) that intolerance is also present in a non-Kirchnerist person, that is, in a person that criticizes the little respect that the ruling party has for the opinion of others. Always justifying yourself, denying unpatriotic attitudes, a lack of acknowledgement of our great sovereignty and human rights policies, denying the invention of embezzlement cases—because this is the most transparent government of the last decades—and especially denying any involvement in the last dictatorship, no matter your age. I felt the urge of belonging to that Kirchnerist group. I wanted to see the fictitious reality they have been yapping about for years. I had the need of being a brainwashed follower that only sees a shiny rainbow with puppies singing “Don't Worry, be Happy/Marcha Peronista” over it. That feeling lasted a couple of minutes; reality came back to slap me in the face with no mercy. Yet, the problem is that it existed. I felt it. I wanted to sell my soul to La Cámpora (the Kirchnerist Youth movement) and be happy and proud and national and popular. And, metaphorical speaking, blind.


La década kichnerista ha transcurrido en una permanente independencia entre lo que se dice, lo que se hace y el cómo se hace.
The Kirchnerist decade has passed through a permanent independence among what it is said, what it is done and how it is done. (25)

description
This book is about the last twelve years of Argentine politics under the Kirchnerist administration, plus many references about the social and political context of previous years. How Former President Néstor Kirchner arrived to that position, his political past and same thing with his wife, Cristina Fernández, current President of this country. There is a lot of context to absorb this huge amount of information. Or try to absorb. Because every situation, every detail, everything is just too surreal. Too ours. Too argento, lads.

After the remarkable introduction written by film and t.v. director Juan José Campanella, comes Lucca's first chapter called “Bienvenidos al Modelo”, the initial contact with Kirchnerism. In a couple of pages, you will get the main idea of such a contradictory administration which base is purely a demagogic speech that tries to find the guilty ones when something goes wrong. Ironically, those offenders never belong to Kirchnerism: newspapers, companies, the agricultural sector, the greedy middle class that contributes with piles of money—through high taxes that does not match the lousy public services we have—later used by the government according to the whim of the time, the U.S., the IS, invisible yet very destabilizing forces that use Jedis' lightsabers to overthrow a democratic government that makes no consequence for the rest of the civilized world. Except the countries buying the south of our country in the name of sovereignty, a couple of Chinese working in Argentine soil,under their laws and with unknown benefits for us, the even more democratic Venezuelan administration that has the same ability to look for people to blame for their own ineptitude and a close relationship with the Iranian government to which our current President and staff gave the AMIA bombing suspects on a silver platter in exchange of trade and leaving 85 victims in oblivion.

Through the eight chapters of this book, you will find out about the truth behind the populist speech.

descriptionThe real numbers, the real hunger, the real responsible of some of our tragedies that could have been avoided if politicians in charge were not such a big pile of corrupt bastards spending money where it is not needed and putting the rest in their bank accounts. The real reason why we cannot reach all our potential, why we have so many social plans and State assistance if we have a strong and patriotic economy that Germans would envy. And, secretly, I think they already do... Pack your bags and get on the first Aerolíneas Argentinas plane you see, Mrs. Merkel! You are invited to come and copy our formidable politics based on empty words, fake numbers, assistance instead of decent work (because that would imply well-prepared citizens that can make decisions sans clientelism) and city services that had been attending the "subsidy party" for too long, creating the feeling we live in More's Utopia when we are actually in Collins' District 12. Just make sure no blonde is inside the cockpit, Ma'am. (Yeah, only Argentines can get that reference.)

This book also reflects the fact that the past can be chosen. There is a chapter called “Relato Derecho y Humano” that depicts how the Kirchners invented themselves a past of patriotic fights against the dictatorship of the time. Two innocent, soulful lawyers resisting one of the darkest periods of our history. Laws, convictions, persecutions, a sense of justice and a strong desire for fighting for it. That inspirational story would win the Golden Sarasa Award, no doubt, since it is basically a lie. The Kirchners were safely making money in the real estate industry while some of their colleagues were presenting habeas corpus in favor of people persecuted for political reasons in a time where you could not raise your voice against the de facto government without dreadful consequences.
However, the lie has been ingrained. The legendary past of those two politicians has come to stay. Even though it is so easy to check, kirchnerists like to repeat that idea to themselves, over and over. And over. There is a chapter solely dedicated to describe these specimens that sometimes receive something in exchange of their obsequiousness and other times—and for the majority represented by those poor devils that suffer like the rest of us—receive nothing, for they truly believe the tale (something that makes me lose faith in us as a normal society and in all humanity, for that matter). Yes, a true gem. Just like the passages that portray the unique relationship between Kirchnerism and justice. You see, real justice is seen mainly when it speaks in favor of any situation the Kirchnerist administration is going through. But, any verdict that opposes their patriotic desires is perceived as a decision that intends to hide the evident pressure of corporatism, the evil hegemonic forces represented by a newspaper, the dreadful and neoliberal characters of the '90s (like most Kirchnerists were) that want to take our humble nation back to those dark ages.
Yes, that actually happens. No, I wish I was exaggerating. For they are the majority, they represent what every single Argentine wants and needs, and they feel democracy is the ability of ridiculing and crushing the minority while sketching their sworn declarations to disguise everything they own thanks to the money they stole from their people (Kirchnerist or not) as they tell to that same people that a redistribution of wealth is needed so they should not be so greedy as to want to have a dollar to pay for whatever the hell they want. All in the name of democracy.
No, I wish I was exaggerating.
...nadie explica por qué más democracia debe implicar menos república, si ambos conceptos son iguales de esenciales para la existencia del Estado occidental moderno.

...nobody explains why democracy must involve less republic, if both concepts are equally essential for the existence of the modern Western state. (209)

In terms of writing, Lucca's is certainly remarkable. He is not the kind of writer that uses big, fancy words to explain what it is already so difficult to explain. There are very few technicalities. He manages to use a colloquial language without underestimate the reader. Slang is the keyword. A whole political report through a smart and familiar language; you cannot ask for more. It is like reading the witty thoughts of a well-prepared journalist lying in a couch with a cup of coffee and a restless mind.
Humor is omnipresent. And it is the main element that helps you finish those passages about numbers and details that also build a necessary context. Sure, sometimes, I felt like it was maybe, perhaps, possibly, a bit too much. There are ideas that led me to a few déjà vu experiences since I read them a couple of times with similar words. Some metaphors, comparisons and similar techniques to say something, that made me think to myself: “Okay, Mr. Lucca, say it already”. Still, when he reached Seriousness Avenue where those aforementioned techniques were absent, I missed them. And so on, and so on. (The first man that even hints at the “Oh well, you're a woman” explanation, gets a thousand copies of The Alchemist. Unless you liked it.) Clever writing is something that I always look for and I do not see frequently. And the fact that a person can combine wit and politics in a book without sounding like Kenny Bania is already an impressive task. So I am more than grateful, not only for the good time I had reading it, but mostly for the great deal of information and clarifications I have now. Sweet words armed with fake ideology cannot hide cold hard facts.

So, Argentines of the world, people that enjoy reading about Argentine history and are familiar with our unique argento language, this is a book you should not miss.
And I know. I know how these rambling thoughts began. For a moment, I wanted to be part of the Kirchnerist perfection that not even Walt Disney could have imagined. Let's just stay in reality, surrounded by tangible things and devastating numbers and everything that actually exists for us and almost a whole country. Surrounded by truth. Because in this bleak landscape with no visible exit in the short run, in this real place lies truth. Something that even the most hardcore Kirchnerist will have to eventually face when the Won Decade Building crumbles in front of his national and popular eyes, while he, in silence, of course, thinks about the next political conversion.
Lucca ends his book expressing that he does not know if he should keep dreaming about a great—well, a fine... oh, let's face it, a humanly acceptable—country, or wake up and make it come true. I agree. A lot of us are in the same spot. I would like to leave lala-warm-fuzzy land and make it real. To release the hand of Hope and stop the torment in the most Nietzschean way possible. In theory, Hope is a magnificent resource. In literature, a poetically sublime concept. But it should end, someday. It should become reality, at some point. That depends on you know who. Even a weird-looking smiling cat tells it better. If you do not care much about where you want to go, then it does not matter which way you go.
We know what we need, we know what to change. We know what to do. So...

~ Traducción ~


Rating: ★★★★
07/09/15

El sentido de pertenencia es inherente a la naturaleza humana. Lo buscamos todo el tiempo. Incluso cuando decimos que somos semejantes rebeldes que no nos preocupamos por eso, que no lo necesitamos y somos nuestra propia isla. He dicho cosas así y me mentí a mí misma, cada vez. Nunca conocí a alguien completamente solo y feliz. Bueno, no, eso no es un gran indicador ya que no he conocido montones de gente. Soy más como una reclusa en casa con libros cerca, café siempre listo para calentar y migas de pizza en el sofá gracias a los maratones de películas de sábado por la noche (sí, soy la piba más popular de la ciudad). Pero aún así, no he conocido a ese tipo de personas.

En fin, ese concepto me vino a la mente cuando empecé a leer este libro del periodista argentino Nicolás Lucca. ¿Por qué? Porque, el otro día, me encontré rodeada de personas que apoyan la actual administración de mi país: el régimen kirchnerista, cuyo partido, Frente Para la Victoria (FPV) gobierna desde 2003. El pequeño criterio que me queda me permite cuestionar varios métodos y actos que el FPV ha hecho durante esta década ganada, como les gusta llamarla. Así que no, no puedo ser kirchnerista. No puedo ser cualquier -ista, ya que desde el momento en que empezás a identificarte tanto con un político o, en realidad, cualquier mortal como vos, te convertís en un fanático cuya perspectiva y objetividad se pierden en la cara de su ídolo.
Sin embargo, mientras yo estaba en ese grupo, rodeada de esos fervientes admiradores del gobierno, realmente quise ser una de ellos. Ese pensamiento inquietante encuentra sus raíces en mi cansancio. Estoy cansada. Sin duda, es agotador estar en pelea todo el tiempo. Porque ese es el tema con los fanáticos: no se puede hablar con ellos. Es un deporte de alto riesgo por estas tierras. No hay posibilidad de debate. Tenés que estar a la defensiva, todo el tiempo. Y lo que es peor, es tal la división en nuestra sociedad (aunque algún que otro periodista niegue desinteresadamente lo que hace rato conocemos como la grieta —algo sobre lo cual también se escribió en la reseña de El Relato Peronista—) que esa intolerancia también es propia de quien no es kirchnerista, o sea, de quien critica el poco respeto a la opinión ajena que tiene el oficialismo. Uno siempre tiene que estar justificándose, negando actitudes antipatriotas, la falta de reconocimiento de nuestra gran soberanía y las políticas de derechos humanos, negando la invención de los casos de corrupción —porque este es el gobierno más transparente de las últimas décadas— y especialmente negando cualquier participación en la última dictadura, sin importar tu edad. Sentí la necesidad de pertenecer a ese grupo. Yo quería ver la realidad ficticia que han estado ladrando durante años. Tuve la necesidad de ser una seguidora con el cerebro lavado que sólo ve un arco iris brillante con cachorritos cantando "No te Preocupes, sé Feliz/Marcha Peronista" sobre él. Esa sensación duró un par de minutos; la realidad volvió a mí para cachetearme sin piedad. Sin embargo, el tema es que existió. Lo sentí. Quise vender mi alma a La Cámpora (el movimiento de la juventud kirchnerista) y ser feliz y orgullosa y nacional y popular. Y, metafóricamente hablando, ciega.

La década kirchnerista ha pasado a través de una independencia permanente entre lo que se dice, lo que se hace y cómo se hace. (25)

descriptionEste libro trata sobre los últimos doce años de la política argentina durante el gobierno kirchnerista , además de varias referencias sobre el contexto social y político de los años anteriores que nos llevaron adonde estamos. Trata sobre cómo el ex presidente Néstor Kirchner llegó a tal posición, su pasado político y lo mismo con su esposa, Cristina Fernández, actual presidente de este país. Hay mucho contexto para absorber esta enorme cantidad de información. O tratar de absorber. Porque cada situación, cada detalle, todo es demasiado surrealista. Demasiado nuestro. Demasiado argento, muchachos.

Después de la notable introducción escrita por el director de cine y televisión, Juan José Campanella, viene el primer capítulo que Lucca llamó "Bienvenidos al Modelo"; el contacto inicial con el kirchnerismo. En un par de páginas, obtenés la idea principal de una administración contradictoria cuya base es simplemente un discurso demagógico que trata de encontrar a los culpables cuando algo va mal. Irónicamente, esos responsables nunca pertenecen al kirchnerismo: son diarios, empresas, el sector agrícola, la clase media avarienta que contribuye con montones de dinero (a través de los altos impuestos que no se corresponden con los pésimos servicios públicos que tenemos) usado ​​más tarde por el gobierno de acuerdo al capricho del momento, los EE.UU., el Estado Islámico, fuerzas invisibles pero muy desestabilizadoras que con los sables de luz de los Jedis intentan derribar un gobierno democrático que no repercute en lo más mínimo para el resto del mundo civilizado. Excepto los países que compran el sur de nuestro país en nombre de la soberanía, un par de chinos que trabajan en suelo argentino bajo sus propias leyes y con beneficio aún desconocido para nosotros, el aún más democrático gobierno venezolano que tiene la misma capacidad de buscar a los culpables de su propia ineptitud y esa estrecha relación con el gobierno iraní al que nuestra Presidencia de la Nación le cedió en bandeja a los sospechosos del atentado a la AMIA a cambio de comercio y dejar a 85 víctimas en el olvido.

A través de los ocho capítulos de este libro, te vas a enterar de la verdad detrás del discurso populista.
description

Los números reales, el hambre real, los responsables reales de algunas de las tragedias que se podrían haber evitado si los políticos en cuestión no fueran una gran pila de corruptos que gastan plata donde no es necesario y ponen el resto en sus cuentas bancarias. Te vas a enterar sobre la verdadera razón por la que no podemos alcanzar nuestro potencial, por qué tenemos tantos planes sociales y asistencia del Estado si tenemos una economía fuerte y patriótica que los alemanes envidiarían. Y, en secreto, creo que ya lo hacen... Dale, Merkel, hacé las valijas y agarrate el primer avión de Aerolíneas que veas. Estás invitada a venir e imitar nuestra política formidable basada en palabras vacías, números falsos, asistencia en lugar de trabajo digno (porque eso implicaría ciudadanos bien preparados que puedan tomar decisiones sin convertirse en rehenes del clientelismo) y servicios públicos que estuvieron concurriendo a la fiesta del subsidio durante mucho tiempo, creando la sensación de que vivimos en la Utopía de Moro cuando estamos en el Distrito 12 de Collins. Nomás asegurate de que ninguna rubia esté en la cabina.

Este libro también refleja el hecho de que el pasado puede ser elegido. Hay un capítulo llamado "Relato Derecho y Humano" que describe cómo los Kirchner se inventaron un pasado de luchas patrióticas contra la dictadura de la época. Dos conmovedores e inocentes abogados resistiendo uno de los períodos más oscuros de nuestra historia. Leyes, convicciones, persecuciones, un sentido de la justicia y un fuerte deseo de luchar por ella. Esa historia inspiradora que ganaría de una el Premio Sarasa de Oro ya que todo es básicamente una mentira. Los Kirchner estaban haciendo dinero en la tranquilidad de la compra de propiedades, mientras que algunos de sus colegas estaban presentando hábeas corpus en favor de perseguidos políticos en un momento en que no se podía levantar una voz contraria sin ligarla.
Sin embargo, la mentira se ha arraigado. El pasado legendario del matrimonio ha llegado para quedarse. A pesar de que es tan fácil de comprobar, a los kirchneristas les gusta repetirse esa idea, una y otra vez. Hay un capítulo exclusivamente dedicado a describir a estos especímenes que a veces reciben algo a cambio de su obsecuencia y, otras veces —y la mayoría representada por esos pobres diablos que sufren como el resto de nosotros— reciben nada, porque ellos realmente creen en el relato (algo que me hace perder la fe en nosotros como una sociedad medianamente normal y en toda la humanidad, de igual manera). Sí, una verdadera joyita. Al igual que los pasajes que retratan la relación única entre el kirchnerismo y la justicia. O sea, la verdadera justicia se observa principalmente cuando se habla a favor de cualquier situación que la administración kirchnerista esté atravesando. No obstante, cualquier sentencia que se oponga a sus deseos patrióticos, se percibe como una medida que tiene la intención de ocultar la evidente presión del corporativismo, de las fuerzas hegemónicas del mal representadas por un diario, de los espantosos y neoliberales personajes de los 90 (tiempo al que perteneció la mayoría de los kirchneristas) que quieren llevar nuestra humilde nación de vuelta a esos años oscuros.
Sí, esto pasa. No, quisiera estar exagerando. Porque ellos son la mayoría, ellos representan lo que quiere y necesita cada argentino, y sienten que la democracia es la posibilidad de ridiculizar y aplastar a la minoría mientras dibujan sus declaraciones juradas para disfrazar todo lo que tienen gracias a la plata que le robaron a su pueblo (kirchnerista o no), ese mismo pueblo al que le dicen que se necesita una redistribución de la riqueza, por lo que no deben ser tan angurrientos como para querer tener un peso para disponer como quieran. Todo en nombre de la democracia.
No, quisiera estar exagerando.
...nadie explica por qué la democracia debe implicar menos república, si ambos conceptos son igualmente esenciales para la existencia del Estado moderno occidental. (209)
En cuanto a la escritura de Lucca, es ciertamente notable. Él no es el tipo de escritor que utiliza palabras pretenciosas para explicar lo que ya es tan difícil de explicar. Hay muy pocos tecnicismos. Se las arregla para utilizar un lenguaje coloquial sin subestimar al lector. Lunfardo es la palabra clave. Toda una historia política en un lenguaje inteligente y a la vez, familiar; no podés pedir más. Es como leer los pensamientos ingeniosos de un periodista bien preparado, acostado en un sofá con una taza de café y una mente inquieta.
El humor es omnipresente. Y es el elemento principal que te ayuda a terminar esos párrafos acerca de números y detalles que también hacen a un contexto necesario. Ponele, que a veces, me sentí como que era tal vez, quizás, posiblemente, un poco demasiado. Hay ideas que me llevaron a algún que otro déjà vu, por haberlas leído un par de veces con palabras similares. Algunas metáforas, comparaciones y técnicas similares para decir algo que me hicieron pensar: "Bueno, señor Lucca, dígalo de una vez". Sin embargo, cuando el autor llegó a la Avenida Seriedad en la que las técnicas antes mencionadas estuvieron ausentes, las extrañé. Y todo así. (El primer caballero que tire como explicación "Bué, sos mujer", se gana mil ejemplares de El Alquimista. A no ser que le haya gustado.)
La escritura inteligente es algo que siempre busco y no veo con frecuencia. El hecho de que una persona puede combinar el ingenio y la política en un libro sin sonar como Kenny Bania ya es una tarea que impresiona. Así que estoy más que agradecida, no sólo por el buen rato que pasé mientras leía, sino por la gran cantidad de información y aclaraciones que tengo ahora. Palabras dulces armadas de ideología falsa no pueden ocultar hechos concretos.

Así que, argentinos del mundo, personas que disfrutan de la lectura de la historia argentina y están familiarizados con nuestro lenguaje, único en su especie, este es un libro que no deben perderse.
Y ya sé. Ya sé cómo empezó esta perorata. Por un momento, quise ser parte de la perfección kirchnerista que ni siquiera Walt Disney podría haber imaginado. Pero quedémosnos en la realidad, rodeados de cosas tangibles y números devastadores y todo lo que existe en sí, para nosotros y para casi todo un país. Rodeados de verdad. Porque en este paisaje desolador sin salida visible a corto plazo, en este lugar real, se encuentra la verdad. Algo que incluso el kirchnerista más acérrimo tendrá que enfrentarse eventualmente, cuando el Década Ganada Building se desmorone ante sus ojos nacionales y populares, mientras que él, en silencio, obvio, se encuentre pensando en la próxima camaleónica conversión política.
Lucca termina su libro expresando que él no sabe si debe seguir soñando con un gran (o sea, un buen... seamos sinceros, un humanamente aceptable) país, o despertar y hacerlo realidad. Estoy de acuerdo. Muchos estamos en la misma, cada uno desde el lugar que tiene o puede o le encajaron de una. Me gustaría dejar el mundo de fantasías animadas de ayer y hoy y hacerlo realidad. Soltarle la mano a la Esperanza y detener el tormento de la manera más nietzscheana posible. En teoría, la esperanza es un recurso magnífico. En la literatura, un concepto poéticamente sublime. Pero debería acabarse, algún día. Dejar de ser deseo para convertirse en realidad, en algún momento.
Sabés de quién depende. Hasta un bizarro gato de sonrisa perturbante lo dice mejor. Si no sabés o no te importa demasiado adónde ir, da lo mismo qué camino elegir.
Sabemos lo que necesitamos, sabemos lo que hay que cambiar. Sabemos qué hacer. Entonces...






* Photo credit: Book cover via Goodreads.
"El obelisco y el arco iris" / Juan José Braun via Foto Revista.
Hombre en La Carbonilla, Buenos Aires / Reuters via El Confidencial



sábado, 15 de agosto de 2015

El Relato Peronista - Silvia Mercado

Rating: ★★★★
13/08/15


This book starts with a dreadful concept that haunts many of us: what if they lied to us? What if everything you thought that was true, ended up being an elaborate lie supported by politics and their powerful media? What if your history wasn't yours? The history that makes you who you are. Your values, your ideas, your individuality. Your identity. Your sense of belonging.
Yourself.

¿Y si la historia nunca fue como nos la contaron?
What if history wasn't like they told us?

Jorge Lanata, journalist.

A bitter pill to swallow, let me tell you.
However, this investigation by journalist Silvia Mercado aims to demolish all the Argentine historical myths, unveiling the only thing we should always search for: the truth. Facts. The reality that is far away from points of view, wishes, convenient inclinations, fanaticism. That ugly truth that threatens your sense of security and faith in everything you thought was right. Easier said than done. That is why this is not a book for everyone. I would recommend it only to those who are willing to put the official story and prejudices aside and have an honest desire of knowing the truth, even though if there is a possibility that it might hurt you and your surroundings. Someone blinded by that fervent adoration for a human being whose job is to be a politician (things I will never understand) probably will not find it useful and will run to read La Razón de mi Vida while holding a paper bag and hyperventilating because his safe way of understanding politics, his safe way of living, actually, has been threatened.

The book. In terms of structure and order, the book is flawless. You even have an index of names at the end of it, so you have easy access to any subject. In terms of writing, it is clear and straightforward. The foundation of a serious investigation is its sources. So, you will also find a list of reliable sources to back up the author's statements. It is a well documented recap about the face of Peronism that many patriots refuse to acknowledge. Because that is the thing with the ruling party of the last years: if you are not a Peronist, you are not Argentine.
...era un enemigo de la Patria y no tenía derecho a nada.
...an enemy of our homeland and had right to nothing. (229)

In 1946, Juan Domingo Perón, a military officer, became president. He was re-elected in 1952. But his origins were not so democratic. He was involved in the 1943 Argentine coup d'état that the United Officers' Group (GOU) made possible, and was the Vice President of the de facto government from 1944 to 1945.
During Perón's administration, if you were not a Peronist (political movement based on his persona), you were persecuted, tortured and, according to the case, killed. Yes, killed. And yes, it was a democratic government.

description

Now, times have changed a little, so you may face endless discussions with fanatics (life is too short for that) but, under the current Kirchnerist regime—that finds its roots in the Justicialist Party founded by Perón—you may also face the removal of the government social help if you have, trouble at work and, if you are a renowned person, the persecution through official media or even the collecting agency. That is what happens when presidents become idols and you cannot question those who know what you want and need. The long tradition of personalizing power. They know best, capisce?

Methods have changed, but the division remains. The crack. The social rift. The impossibility of accepting that the person standing in front of you does not have to think the same way as you do. A basic fundament of a democratic society. And somehow, this country has usually had a lot of trouble grasping that concept. Predictable consequences for a nation that has been a hostage of populism for decades. Demagoguery, social assistance from the State instead of promoting the dignity that entails working, indoctrination, the elimination of opposition, authority over media to achieve a formidable propaganda system, a foreign enemy that wants to control us...
Despite some circumstances that mitigate the impact, some things are too common nowadays. There are many similarities that you cannot express without being called "gorila", the stigmatizing word that the unpatriotic receive.
The little we have learned after so many years. It is certainly frightening.

In this work, there are some notions concerning the context of those times that are only mentioned by the writer but not explained with details and, sometimes, not explained at all. It is understandable, since if she did, there wouldn't be enough trees to make the required amount of paper to describe all that. Plus, as a reader, I am grateful because that allowed me to do my research. There were some things that I did not remember from my History lessons, so it was beneficial for me. And many that I did not know. One becomes a part of the process, in some way.

The first chapter is called “Perón and the Dictatorship of 1943”. Basically, it is about how Perón started to put his ideas in motion in order to achieve his main goal all along: power. The presidency. That chapter portrays Perón as an unapologetic enthusiast of fascism (he brought ideas from Italy to execute in here and, a detail: Argentina, under Perón's inexorable influence, did not declare war to the Axis until they were almost defeated, worrying the whole region) willing to do what it took to fulfill his desires. The following chapters reflect precisely that. The way he used the flag of syndicalism simply to gain power:
Lo que Perón le dio a los sindicatos fue un rápido ascenso al poder, a cambio de usarlos como herramienta política personal.
~
What Perón gave to the unions were a fast way to power, in exchange of using them as his own political instrument. (43)

As you read, you will also find out about the political repression suffered by students that went to the streets to manifest themselves against National Socialism, something that depicts a clear inclination of the government towards that ideology. Furthermore, Mercado wrote about the outstanding creative process of the well-known “17 de Octubre”, a mass mobilization supporting Perón that did not happened exactly the way his people retell it. Also his relationship with Eva, her foundation, the arbitrary use of public money and the assistance to only those who showed support to the leader. And in many chapters, the author explains the truth about the human rights policy of the two Peronist governments, from 1946 to 1955:
- persecution, prison, torture and elimination of everything that opposed the leader (politics, artists, workers; anyone);
- censorship; control of the media to silence every possible scream (foreign newspapers were the key to reach to that conclusion).
—Pero, general, no puede decirme a mí que lo de las torturas se trata de una infamia.
—¿De dónde saca que no lo es?
—Porque a mí me torturaron, general.

—But, General, you cannot tell me that tortures are vicious lies.
—Where do you get the idea that they are not just that?
—Because I was tortured, General.
(Dialogue between Perón and Félix Luna, historian. 213)

Let us not forget that we are talking about a democratic government. Okay, shady elections but elections nonetheless. And I know that a somewhat manipulated election does not represent democracy at its finest. But... elections. And now I dare you to count how many times I wrote “elections” just to show you my point.
In any case, in a perfect-sunny-puppy-make-believe world, assuming that those elections were fair, the following policies of that administration violated basic principles of what democracy was and is supposed to be, anyway. Just like the aforementioned situations.

So, here we are. I must admit that I used to love the romantic idea of kingdoms. I became quite interested in English history when I was a teenager. The idea of distant realms, their laws, their customs, their battles, their views on religions, their caprices that created new laws and religions, the intrigue, their conspiracies, even the clothing... Yes, I was a nerd. Yes, I still am.
Argentine history lacked all that... excitement (yes, I was also a moron). During my youthful years, I used to yawn at school, whenever we had to study our history, our presidents, their periods, their governments, etc. Even though I always loved history, I could never enjoyed studying our own. I don't think I should blame it only on my perception of an apparently boring past. I am not sure... but I think the somewhat dull teachers' approach was a contributory factor. And no, I am not justifying myself. I was not Pink putting bricks on the wall—not because of studying, anyway. I am just saying...

Anyway, it is never too late to rethink our behaviors, our habits, our perspectives. Books tend to help us on that particular aspect. For some people, ignorance is “bliss”, but it also constitutes a state of dangerous blindness. Something that will certainly lead to blatant manipulation. That is why education must be the fundamental base of a country and, in countries ruled by populism, that cannot happen. Their strength lies in ignorance. Only knowledge can create a free mind. Only knowledge can set you free from political manipulation.

description

I have to say that El Relato Peronista not only allowed me to bring down some very strong preconceptions and myths that many people defend with their soul and mental health, it also helped me to rekindle my relationship with my history. The past of my own country. That fact embodies the most efficient way—if not the only way—to avoid the repetition of mistakes. That concept has been conveyed by many historical characters, such as George Santayana, inspired by Cicero's idea that history is life's teacher:
Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
~
Aquellos que no pueden recordar su pasado están condenados a repetirlo.





* Photo credit: Juan Domingo Perón via Infobae.
Imagen del libro Evita, de Graciela Albornoz de Videla. Editorial Luis Lasserre SRL / via Historia del Peronismo.
Translation: 
The kids are well dressed. 
The Eva Perón Foundation gives clothes to those in need.
Mom and Dad love us. Perón and Evita love us.




Crímenes Sorprendentes de la Historia Argentina - Ricardo Canaletti

Rating: ★★★★
10/12/14

Las personas no desaparecen.
People do not disappear. (25)

This book contains several stories about terrible crimes committed in Argentina from 1828 to 1962. Why did I bought this book? The reason is quite simple. The other day, I was in another city and had to wait many hours to go back to my house (bank, shops, my office, from 1 p.m. to 4.30 p.m.: nothing to do) and there was no way I could survive to all that without a book. I was in a hurry and, sadly, I forgot the book I was already reading at home. So I stopped at a bookstore and started to look around and then bought this one by Ricardo Canaletti, a well-known Argentine journalist who specializes in criminology.
And here we are.

The writing is simple, very straight-forward. That is Canaletti's signature. He has the ability of explaining complicated things with the simplicity of the greatest speakers (in this particular case, "writers"). And you cannot expect many beautiful and evocative lines in this kind of book. But simplicity does not mean underestimation, by no means. The author wants to reach every reader; he is beyond any technicality that would make him look erudite. He does not need that. The stories do not need that. For they are intriguing, unsettling and addictive, to say the least. They surprised me. They entertained me. They frightened me. Because they are real. These people existed. Any Argentinian will recognize many names. Heroes, patriots, politicians, famous judges and lawyers, painters, housewives, socialites, etc. They conform the context where troubled men and women became tragically famous.

This book serves as another tool to analyze human behavior, obviously. It deals with matters that are absolutely timeless. We are always repeating ourselves. We cannot break the circle. What motivates people to mistreat and even kill other people are always the same things. We are privileged witnesses of the vertiginous advance of technology, and yet, we are always in the same place. Our obsessions, our problems, the things a troubled mind see... That does not change.

Money, jealousy, envy, abuse, a tragic childhood, a violent household. They killed for pleasure, for necessity, for survival. Many different causes, same rationalization: “I had to”. “I did not have a choice”.
And sure, the justice for the masses and the justice for important names. Ringing any bells? Yup. A whole bell tower. Justice back then, during the barbaric era of the whipping and death penalty. Justice now, with a still manipulable legal system that reflects that certain people have more rights than others.
History certainly shows us that we have changed and we haven't changed that much.

There were times where I found myself amazed at people's creativity. An innocent-looking hunchback perpetrated some of the most complex robberies of the 19th century. Why the police didn't catch him sooner? It is kind of difficult to forget the physiognomy of a hunchback. But he was so ugly and looked “so stupid” that they thought he could have never planned robberies like that.
And other times, I was simply disgusted. The vileness of people that made the most savage animal look humane. The creation of disturbing universes out of petty, little things. The ability to hide their true nature and present themselves as honest people, making it impossible for society to believe they were really criminals. “Falsely honest men”, as Mittermaier said. And the absence of regret.
Some things cannot be fixed. A person that does not show any remorse seems to be no longer made of flesh and bones. Even if I choose to hold on to hope and think of forgiveness, regret and redemption, since we cannot be inside other people's minds. We cannot know exactly what the other person is feeling.
Is it in our genes? Is it in the air?

Hope. And some things cannot be fixed.

This review started with a quote I chose from Chapter 1. “People do not disappear”. It is a devastating sentence that leaves no doubt. A simple concept that conveys a powerful message. People do not vanish off the face of the Earth. That resonates deeply in the heart of many Argentines. During the time the dictatorship ruled this country, the de facto government used to say that the missing people were not dead. Like twisted Schrödingers, they did not know whether those human beings were dead or alive. They just disappeared.
No están. Son desaparecidos.

No. People do not disappear.





* Photo credit: Book cover via Goodreads.



viernes, 14 de agosto de 2015

El Mundo de Ayer - Stefan Zweig

Rating: ★★★★★
31/06/14


...after all, shadows themselves are born of light.



...toda sombra es, al fin y al cabo, hija de la luz.
- Stefan Zweig, The World of Yesterday/El Mundo de Ayer

description

There are people that breathe nostalgia every day. They enjoy it, they suffer it. They stare at some object and a million memories come to mind. People, friends, lovers, happiness, regrets. They are usually looking back wishing for the past to become present. For that little part of the world they knew and that it felt much safer than the one they inhabit today.
My nostalgia has a life on its own.


Well. There are many wonderful reviews about this book. I have nothing new to say. So I will simply share some rambling thoughts.


Stefan Zweig (1881-1942) has written a book where the universal sense of loss is omnipresent. What to do when the world you have always known crumbles in front of your eyes due to the acts of other human beings? I cannot imagine facing such cruelty. And then, I can. His writing is too vivid. I was the one remembering the past, enraptured by the feeling of a distant safety. A stateless individual on some strange ground, holding a pack of memories that contrasted so harshly with his present. I have read, I have lived through his words and I have learned.

I have been acquainted with other works by Zweig and his magnificent writing is obviously present in this book that is considered a real masterpiece. His prose, evocative, keen and clear as usual, deals with many issues of a society at the start of the 20th century; some ordinary, some controversial. It also describes his relationship with other relevant figures of his time. There is plenty of the external world and his perspectives.
Through his words, the author gave form to the world he has seen and lived before. Avoiding a detailed recount of his own life, this book portrays the sense of safety of those lost days. He gave his memories enough time to speak for him before he succumbed to a death made out of hopelessness and sealed by his bare hands. The defeated dream of humanity as a whole. A dream stolen by two wars that surpass every attempt of reasoning.

Reading this book was a strange experience. I have lost a lot while I was reading it and I have gained too much after finishing it. We are always returning to where we started, aren't we? Always moving from beginning to middle and vice versa. Our seeming incapacity to learn from our mistakes intoxicates our essence. Most of us are left with a bittersweet confidence in human nature. A naive optimism fighting for survival. For I am writing these nonsensical lines when, in another part of the world, people have fifteen seconds to save their lives from the atrocity of others.
We end up being wandering shadows looking for a safe place. For another soul who can feed or restore our faith in humanity. At least, some of it.


There are people that breathe nostalgia every day. Do not forget to breathe the air of the present. An existence perpetually longing for what has passed cannot see what is coming.







Notes:
-Since I could not find an English edition, I read this book in Spanish. And, in my opinion, this one was a pretty decent translation.
* Photo credit: Book cover via Goodreads.
Painting: Stefan Zweig, oil on canvas / via flickr